MTTC Missed Topics Practice Test

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• Uniformitarianism is the idea that the present is the key to the past and that slow, observable processes shape Earth. Which option best expresses this principle?
• Nimbus cloud is best described as?
• Which plant tissue provides rigid, strong support due to thick cell walls?
• Stratigraphy is the study of which of the following?
• On a weather map, what does close spacing of isobars indicate?
• What occurs during a lunar eclipse?
• Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the double helix at the start of DNA replication?
• Osmosis is best described as which process?
• Which term refers to the water bulges toward the Moon?
• A stationary front is best described as what?
• Which scientist is commonly associated with biology?
• Isobars on a weather map are lines that connect what?
• Which statement best describes the concept that ocean chemistry is altered by CO2 absorption causing the formation of carbonic acid?
• Climate change refers to?
• Which Moon formation model posits that Earth and Moon formed during the same period of time from the same accretion material?
• What does the second law state?
• Which statement describes an endothermic process?
• What is a seed?
• Which term describes the idea that Earth's features are primarily shaped by sudden, large-scale catastrophes rather than gradual processes?
• Mesosphere features: meteors burn up here; coldest layer; 50-80 km. Which statement describes it?
• Anthophyta refers to which group of plants?
• A codon is a sequence of how many bases on DNA or RNA?
• Which term means the attractive force between molecules of the same substance?
• Which term describes a frequently windless area near the Equator with low pressure and light winds?
• Which statement describes inner planets?
• What happens during translation?
• What does the first law state?
• Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) refers to which type of photosynthesis?
• What are stomata?
• Which scientist is associated with the development of the periodic table?
• Which best describes a descriptive study?
• Aldehyde contains which functional group at the end of the carbon chain?
• What primarily drives ocean currents?
• What does Hubble's law describe?
• Which type of selection is driven by humans for breeding of useful traits from natural variation among organisms?
• Where is the carbonyl group located in a ketone?
• Cirrus cloud is described as?
• Which description best matches the function of the stem?
• In geology, stratigraphy is used primarily to determine what?
• Which term is defined as energy available to do work?
• Higher salinity leads to what?
• In an endothermic process, the change in enthalpy is
• Which process refers to random fluctuations in allele frequencies that can lead to loss of genetic variation, especially in small populations?
• Which scientist demonstrated that cathode rays are streams of negatively charged particles?
• Endodermis tissue in plants is best described as a layer surrounding vascular tissue in roots; what does it do?
• Which mutation changes a codon to code for a different amino acid?
• Which description matches an irregular galaxy?
• Which plant tissue provides flexible support and is common in growing parts of the plant?
• What characterizes a cold front?
• Where is the asteroid belt located in the solar system?
• Which term describes an anaerobic reaction in which glucose is only partially broken down to release energy?
• Which term refers to an eruption of gas from the sun's surface when loops connect in sunspot regions?
• What causes the seasons?
• Which process involves the breakdown of glucose under anaerobic conditions to produce lactic acid and can occur in muscle cells and certain bacteria?
• Which scientist is commonly associated with geology?
• In which atmospheric layer are auroras most prominently observed?
• Which Moon formation hypothesis describes a collision between Earth and a large asteroid that released crustal material into orbit, from which the Moon accreted?
• Dermal tissue in plants (protection) includes which components?
• Precipitation occurs under what condition?
• Which mutation category describes a change in a single nucleotide site in the DNA sequence?
• Which statement best describes the difference between uniformitarianism and catastrophism?
• Which description best characterizes an irregular galaxy?
• Disruptive selection occurs when the environment favors extreme traits, resulting in a split of the population. Which option best captures this definition?
• What is thermodynamics?
• Which process is performed by chemoautotrophs in environments without light, using oxidation of inorganic substances to synthesize sugars?
• Which experiment led to the discovery of the positively charged nucleus?
• What is land reclamation?
• CFCs are commonly used in which applications?
• What describes the general phenomenon of tides?
• What role does a fruit play in plant reproduction?
• Aphelion refers to the point in an object's orbit where it is farthest from which body?
• Where does transcription occur in the cell?
• Which type of galaxy has stars and gas concentrated in spiral arms?
• Which statement defines a meteor?
• Cosmic Microwave Background radiation evidence refers to what?
• Which organelle contains chlorophyll?
• Stratus cloud is best described as?
• Which groups are spore-producing vascular plants?
• What is low tide?
• Which statement defines low tide?
• Which statement about spiral galaxies is true?
• Which term means the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked?
• What causes magnetic north to drift over time?
• Which description matches sclerenchyma?
• Which statement best describes the Miller-Urey experiment?
• How is weather driven by the sun?
• Deep ocean organisms live in what conditions?
• How were the inner planets formed?
• Which statement about high pressure is true?
• Which option represents the carboxyl functional group?
• Which description best describes a magnet (bar)?
• Which plastids store starch granules and also convert starch back into sugar?
• Which RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
• Which is considered evidence for the Big Bang?
• What is the stamen?
• Which statement describes an alkene?
• Which option describes an alkyne?
• What is the pistil?
• Which enzyme creates a chemical bond between Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?
• The ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by which compound?
• Ground tissue in plants (support and storage) includes which tissues?
• Kekule's benzene model originally proposed which bonding pattern?
• What is ballistic panspermia?
• Prevailing easterlies (polar easterlies) are winds that blow in which direction between 60 degrees and the poles?
• Which hypothesis suggests life on Earth originated from seeds transported from space?
• Which tidal condition occurs when the Sun and Moon are aligned on the same side of Earth?
• Which statement about stars is true?
• How does the Gulf Stream affect climate?
• Which term describes structures in different species that are similar because of a common ancestry?
• Which tissue types make up the ground tissue system in plants?
• What is groundwater?
• Which plant group is most common and lacks carbon concentrating mechanisms to reduce photorespiration?
• Which term describes rocks or dust transferring microorganisms between solar systems?
• The vernal (spring) equinox occurs around which date?
• Which tissue is primarily responsible for transporting sugars within a plant?
• Which description identifies the atom central to amine or amide groups?
• Which description matches collenchyma?
• Which statement describes an alkyne?
• The plant tissue responsible for transport of water and nutrients is made up of which tissues?
• Which statement correctly describes xylem tissue?
• Dermal tissue protects the plant and reduces water loss while enabling gas exchange through stomata is primarily the:
• Which Moon formation model posits that the Moon is a piece of Earth that split off early during the planet's formation?
• What is directional selection?
• Which statement best explains why planets closer to the Sun move faster?
• Which plant tissue layer acts as a barrier around the vascular cylinder in roots and regulates entry into the xylem?
• Which description correctly defines paramagnetic materials?
• Which Moon formation model suggests that the Moon formed elsewhere in the solar system and was captured by Earth's gravity?
• The summer solstice occurs around which date when the North Pole is most directly tilted toward the Sun?
• Which process does not require light and involves chemoautotrophs obtaining energy from inorganic substances?
• Which description best fits an elliptical galaxy?
• Which statement accurately reflects the first law of thermodynamics?
• What describes a stationary front?
• The brightness of a star depends on which factors?
• What are stars made of and how do they produce energy?
• What did the Bohr model help us understand about an atom?
• Which type of study manipulates variables to observe outcomes?
• What are comets?
• What is fruit?
• What is an aquifer?
• What is a codon?
• Source of ocean salinity?
• Which statement describes the leaves of vascular plants?
• What feature of roots increases water and nutrient absorption?
• Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency in aerobic respiration?
• Which genetic phenomenon occurs when there is a drastic reduction in population size that can lead to a loss of genetic diversity?
• In an exothermic process, the change in enthalpy is
• What is stabilizing selection?
• In the stratosphere, what happens when chlorine is released from CFCs?
• What substance is primarily responsible for ozone layer depletion?
• Which term describes the phenomenon of the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface?
• Which option describes an alkene?
• Convection is defined as what?
• Methylmercury is produced indirectly by which process?
• Kekule's theory proposed benzene has which bonding pattern?
• Which option describes an ester functional group?
• Which current moves warm water from the tropics toward Europe?
• Random sampling is best described as what?
• Which event occurs when a small number of individuals colonize a new area, causing the new population to reflect only the founders' alleles?
• Which term refers to organelles found in plants and algae that are used to synthesize and store food?
• Which is a con of wind energy?
• What is directed panspermia?
• Pith tissue located in the center of the stem serves what function?
• Which option correctly identifies the geographic feature associated with geographic north?
• Which Moon formation model posits that the Moon was captured by Earth's gravity?
• Which energy carriers are produced by the Krebs cycle?
• What keeps planets in orbit?
• Which term describes a layer where temperature changes rapidly with depth?
• What is the Big Bang Theory origin and age?
• Koppen climate classification system classifies climates on the basis of which factors?
• Which color star is hottest?
• What occurs during a solar eclipse?
• Magnetic field lines never do which of the following?
• Which organelle contains chlorophyll?
• Modern benzene bonding indicates that all C-C bonds are equal in length due to resonance; Which option expresses this modern understanding?
• Which enzyme reads the original DNA strand and adds complementary nucleotides to synthesize a new strand?
• Which concept describes alleles entering a population by immigration and leaving by emigration?
• Which mutation inserts a premature stop codon, typically resulting in a nonfunctional protein?
• Male pollen-producing organs and female ovule-containing organs are described by which terms in order?
• Under which condition will light undergo total internal reflection?
• Which field is associated with Hooke, Pasteur, Watson & Crick, and Jacob & Monod?
• Surface currents are driven by what?
• Which theory suggests that early life formed on the surface of iron sulfide, creating an environment in which RNA could later form?
• Which layer is the lowest part of Earth’s atmosphere where weather occurs?
• Cloud formation occurs when which sequence happens?
• Which explanation for the origin of life on Earth proposes that seeds of life exist throughout the universe and can be transferred from one location to another?
• What does red shift evidence mean?
• Which description best describes an electromagnet?
• Where does transcription occur?
• Why is Venus hotter than Mercury?
• Which term describes the energy needed to melt or freeze a substance?
• What does the term albedo describe?
• Which molecule is produced by the Krebs cycle and used in the electron transport chain?
• Which description correctly defines ferromagnetic materials?
• Krebs Cycle is also known as which name?
• Which term is the energy required to melt or freeze a substance?
• Which is a pro of wind energy?
• Which Moon formation model states that Earth and Moon formed during the same period of time from the same accretion material?
• Which group are outer planets?
• Which scientist is commonly associated with the study of chemistry?
• Ocean acidification occurs when CO2 dissolves in seawater, forming carbonic acid and releasing H+ ions, lowering ocean pH. Which statement best reflects this phenomenon?
• Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping/separating the double helix during the first step of DNA replication?
• Which mutation changes the reading frame of the mRNA, resulting in a new protein product?
• Which statement about the Krebs cycle is accurate?
• Which statement best describes outer planets?
• High pressure systems are characterized by which of the following?
• Air flows from ___ pressure areas to ___ pressure areas
• What is the water table?
• Cumulus cloud is described as?
• Do oceans have high or low albedo?
• Composition of the universe evidence shows what elements dominate?
• Which term is a stream of electrically charged particles emitted by the sun's corona?
• What occurs during glycolysis?
• Deep currents are also called thermohaline circulation; what drives them?
• In natural selection, natural selection acts on ___ but the change over time happens at the __?
• Which process describes alleles entering a population by immigration and leaving by emigration, thereby countering genetic drift?
• An anemometer measures what meteorological quantity?
• Wind direction is driven by...
• What causes a magnetic field at the atomic level?
• Which statement best describes the alcohol functional group?
• Which description defines the ester functional group?
• The zeroth law provides a basis for which practical measurement?
• What typically forms the boundary of a watershed?
• Which groups reproduce sexually by using spores?
• What is the zeroth law?
• What term describes changes in a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence?
• Stratosphere features: contains the ozone layer; temperature increases with altitude due to ozone absorbing UV radiation; 15-50 km. Which statement correctly describes it?
• In the Bohr model, what phenomenon accompanies transitions between energy levels?
• Pith tissue in plants is found in the center of the stem; what is its primary function?
• What is the main advantage of C4 and CAM photosynthesis?
• What is the role of DNA polymerase?
• What are moons?
• Which statement correctly describes phloem tissue?
• Which ocean surrounds Antarctica?
• In photorespiration, which enzyme binds to oxygen, leading to energy waste?
• The greenhouse effect is described as?
• What is entropy?
• Which factors are used in Koppen climate classification?
• Which tissues constitute the plant's support tissues?
• Which process describes water vapor turning into liquid water in the atmosphere?
• What primarily drives deep ocean currents?
• What does the nebular hypothesis propose?
• Evolution is best described as the change in what over time?
• Which term defines neap tide?
• What is the average ocean depth?
• Above the water table is typically:
• Biomagnification refers to what phenomenon?
• An occluded front forms when what happens?
• Vernal and autumnal equinoxes occur when the North Pole is at a right angle to the Earth–Sun line and the hemispheres experience equal day and night. On which dates do these occur?
• Which statement best describes aerobic cellular respiration?
• Which term describes the attractive force between molecules of different substances?
• How many standard amino acids are there?
• Which mutation involves a piece of the chromosome flipping its orientation?
• Deep zone is characterized by what?
• Which statement best describes outer planets?
• Which term describes the region of a shadow where the light source is completely blocked?
• Which term refers to a low-pressure area near the equator with light and variable winds?
• Which term describes the attraction between molecules of the same substance?
• The synodic period of the Moon is commonly referred to as what?
• What is a flower?
• What is the average ocean salinity?
• Which term is a stream of charged particles produced by the sun's corona?
• Which term describes body parts that perform similar functions but do not share a common evolutionary origin?
• How is an experiment validated?
• Magnetic north is described as the point on Earth where the planet's magnetic field points vertically down. Which of the following options correctly identifies this concept's placement among the choices below?
• Which statement best describes the thermosphere?
• Which mutation is defined as a single-nucleotide change in the DNA sequence?
• Which scenario illustrates directional selection?
• Troposphere features: where weather happens, and most air and water vapor; temperature decreases with altitude; 0-15 km. Which statement is true about it?
• Prevailing Westerlies are winds that blow in which direction between which latitudes?
• How can you remember the difference between low and high pressure?
• Which statement is true about the greenhouse effect?
• Which scientist is associated with the theory of continental drift?
• Which mechanism is defined as human-driven selection for breeding desirable traits from natural variation?
• Which mutation results in a codon that encodes the same amino acid as the original sequence?
• Low pressure systems are typically associated with?
• How many standard amino acids are used to build proteins?
• What describes spring tide?
• Which tissue is primarily responsible for transporting water within a plant?
• What typically occurs with a warm front?
• Which term describes the north reference used for maps, navigation, and GPS coordinates?
• Which term refers to the very darkest part of the moon's shadow, where the light source is not visible?
• Which description correctly defines diamagnetic materials?
• In ocean acidification, which ion is released when carbonic acid forms in seawater and lowers pH?
• Which option describes an alcohol functional group?
• The synodic period of the Moon, about 29 days, is also known as what?
• Which statement best describes C3 plants?
• Perihelion is defined as what?
• Trade winds (tropical easterlies) are winds occurring near the equator in the tropics moving in which direction?
• Which feature forms when rising air leads to cloudy, rainy conditions?
• Which enzyme chemically links DNA fragments together (Okazaki fragments)?
• Watersheds are defined as what?
• What is the sidereal period of the Moon?
• The index of refraction is defined as which of the following?
• What is epidermis in plants?
• What does magnetic striping on the sea floor indicate?
• Which type of RNA carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome?
• How does ocean temperature vary with depth?
• Autumnal (fall) equinox occurs around which date?
• How would you describe asteroids?
• Which statement explains water's high heat capacity?
• Which group are inner planets?
• Vascular tissue in plants (transport) is composed of which tissues?
• In aerobic respiration, which step directly uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to form water?
• Which description best matches the function of roots in vascular plants?
• What is the effect of ocean currents on climate?
• Which statement correctly defines a spiral galaxy?
• Which layer is the coldest and where meteors burn up?
• What is the order of atmospheric layers from bottom to top?
• Which mutation results in a premature stop codon, truncating the protein?
• Leaves contain which components essential for photosynthesis and gas exchange?
• The winter solstice occurs around which date?
• Which statement about wind energy is NOT true?
• Which option correctly defines biomagnification?
• Which statement best summarizes the RNA World concept?
• The angle of refraction is defined as which of the following?
• The composition of the universe evidence indicates the universe is composed mostly of which elements?
• Which of the following materials is ferromagnetic?
• Which of the following is a type of evidence supporting the Big Bang theory?
• Approximately what percentage of Earth's living organisms live in the ocean?
• What is Gibbs free energy?
• Which characteristic describes inner planets?
• Which description defines the carboxyl functional group?
• Which color star is coolest?
• Nimbus cloud is best described as?
• Moon phases (in order) from New Moon onward are:
• Which evolutionary mechanism causes random changes in allele frequencies that are not the result of natural selection, particularly affecting small populations?
• Anthophyta are which of the following?
• Cortex tissue in plants is located between which structures?
• Which term describes tides when the Sun and Moon are at right angles, resulting in weaker tides?
• What best describes the surface zone?
• What is photorespiration?
• Which statement about osmosis is true?
• Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to the conclusion that atoms contain a dense, positively charged center. What is this center commonly called?
• What best describes the electron transport chain?
• Body parts that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function are called?
• Which event occurs when one individual or a few individuals colonize a new area, creating a population whose alleles come from the founders?
• Which process is a form of fermentation that produces lactic acid?
• Which term describes the process by which water travels upward through a plant due to evaporation at the leaves?
• What best defines a galaxy?
• What is the third law?
• Which process describes the evaporation of water from leaves, creating negative pressure that pulls water up from the roots?
• What happens when UV radiation hits CFCs in the stratosphere?